Canada Immigration facts

Immigration

Quickfacts

Updated Dec. 4, 2007

In 1947, Canada became the first Commonwealth country to gain its own citizenship act when the Canadian Citizenship Act took effect on Jan. 1.

Prior to that, Canadians were considered British subjects residing in Canada, not Canadian citizens.

Prime Minister Mackenzie King had the honour of receiving the first Canadian citizenship certificate.

Canada's cultural mosaic at a glance, according to the 2006 census:

Those born outside the country account for 19.8 per cent of Canada's population, the highest level in 75 years.
• Only Australia, at 22.2 per cent, surpasses Canada in terms of the immigrant percentage. Canada outranks the United States however, in which the foreign-born represent 12.5 per cent of its population.
• 93.6 per cent of immigrants can speak either English or French.
• Of the total number of immigrants between 2001 and 2006:
• 58.3 per cent came from Asia, including the Middle East.
• 16.1 per cent came from Europe.
• 10.8 per cent came from the Caribbean, and Central and South America.
• 10.6 per cent came from Africa.
• Based on available projections, it is expected that immigration will account for all net population growth sometime between 2026 and 2031, and for all labour force growth between 2011 and 2016.
• Skilled workers account for almost half of all immigrants. Canada's top five international sources for skilled workers are:
1. China
2. Pakistan
3. India
4. Taiwan
5. Iran
• The top source countries for refugees are:
1. Afghanistan
2. Sri Lanka
3. Pakistan
4. Yugoslavia
5. Iran

Recent data

• 1.1 million people immigrated to Canada in between 2001 and 2006.
• This influx was responsible for two-thirds of the country's population growth.
• Of these, 60 per cent were economic immigrants, 24 per cent were family class immigrants, 14 per cent were refugees and two per cent were from other categories, according to Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
• 38 per cent of arriving immigrants between 25 and 64 years of age had a bachelor's degree as their highest level of education, according to Citizen and Immigration Canada.
• More than half of recent immigrants chose to settle in Ontario, with Quebec a distant second choice, at 13.8 per cent.
• Seven out of 10 immigrants choose the three biggest cities — Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver — as their new home between 2001 and 2006. Toronto attracted the largest proportion (447,900), while 165,300 chose Montreal and 151,700 settled in Vancouver.
• Canada's smaller hubs are attracting newcomers, with Calgary, Ottawa-Gatineau, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Hamilton, Ont., and London, Ont., as the destination of choice for 16.6 per cent of recent immigrants.

The top 10 countries of origin for immigrants to Canada between 2001 and 2006 were:

1. China - 155,105
2. India - 129,140
3. Philippines - 77,880
4. Pakistan - 57,630
5. United States - 38,770
6. South Korea - 35,450
7. Romania - 28,080
8. Iran - 27,600
9. United Kingdom - 25,655
10. Colombia - 25,310

Citizenship

• 150,000 people become Canadian citizens every year.
• 85 per cent of landed immigrants go on to become Canadian citizens.
• 2,901 citizenship ceremonies were held between 2005 and 2006.

CIA enlists Google's help for spy work

US intelligence agencies are using Google's technology to help its agents share information about their suspects

Jonathan Richards

Google has been recruited by US intelligence agencies to help them better process and share information they gather about suspects.

Agencies such as the National Security Agency have bought servers on which Google-supplied search technology is used to process information gathered by networks of spies around the world.

Google is also providing the search features for a Wikipedia-style site, called Intellipedia, on which agents post information about their targets that can be accessed and appended by colleagues, according to the San Francisco Chronicle.

The contracts are just a number that have been entered into by Google's 'federal government sales team', that aims to expand the company's reach beyond its core consumer and enterprise operations.

In the most innovative service, for which Google equipment provides the core search technology, agents are encouraged to post intelligence information on a secure forum, which other spies are free to read, edit, and tag - like the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Depending on their clearance, agents can log on to Intellipedia and gain access to three levels of info - top secret, secret and sensitive, and sensitive but unclassified. So far 37,000 users have established accounts on the service, and the database now extends to 35,000 articles, according to Sean Dennehy, chief of Intellipedia development for the CIA.

"Each analyst, for lack of a better term, has a shoe box with their knowledge," Mr Dennehy was quoted as saying. "They maintained it in a shared drive or Word document, but we're encouraging them to move those platforms so that everyone can benefit."

The collection of articles is hosted by the director of national intelligence, Mike McConnell, and is available only to the CIA, the FBI, the National Security Agency, and other intelligence agencies.

Google's search technology usually rates a website's importance by measuring the number of other sites that link to it - a method that is more problematic in a 'closed' network used by a limited numbr of people. In the case of Intellipedia, pages become more prominent depending on how they are tagged or added to by other contributors.

As well as working with the intelligence agencies, Google also provides services to other US public sector organisations, including the Coast Guard, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.

Often, the contract is for something as simple as conducting earch within an organisation's own database, but in the case of the Coast Guard, Google also provides a more advanced version of its satellite mapping tool Google Earth, which ships use to navigate more safely.

There is no dedicated team promoting sales of Google products to the British Government, but a Google spokesperson said the company did target public sector organisations such as councils, schools and universities through the team that run AdWords, its internet advertising platform.

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